北京2021年5月6日 /美通社/ -- 當下，隨著全球對新能源產業愈發重視，綠色交通出行也在井噴式增長并成為全球爭相發展的方向，世界各國汽車電動化進程不斷加速。德(de)國(guo)提出2050年(nian)乘用(yong)車100%電氣化，法國提(ti)(ti)出2040年(nian)所(suo)有(you)乘用(yong)車、輕型(xing)貨運(yun)車不(bu)再(zai)使(shi)用(yong)化石燃(ran)料，日(ri)本提(ti)(ti)出2035年(nian)停售燃(ran)油(you)汽(qi)車，英國提(ti)(ti)出2030年(nian)停售燃(ran)油(you)乘用(yong)車和(he)貨運(yun)汽(qi)車……作為(wei)能源(yuan)消耗(hao)和(he)碳排放(fang)的(de)主要環節之一，交通行(xing)業(ye)的(de)低碳發展勢在必行(xing)又(you)任重道遠。

建設綠色交通體系，安全可靠充電生態先行

在(zai)國家(jia)層(ceng)面“碳中和”、“新(xin)基建”等(deng)宏觀(guan)戰略(lve)引領下，新(xin)能源汽(qi)車憑借先進動力技術(shu)及低碳排放量的(de)雙重優勢，被認為(wei)是(shi)解決未來綠色(se)能源挑戰的(de)有效(xiao)途徑(jing)之(zhi)一。同(tong)傳統燃(ran)油車一樣，其需(xu)要完(wan)善(shan)的(de)能源供給配套體(ti)系，因此交通行業的(de)低碳化發(fa)展本質上就是(shi)國家(jia)電(dian)網、充電(dian)樁/換電(dian)站與電(dian)動汽(qi)車終端(duan)的(de)協同(tong)發(fa)展，而構(gou)建綠色(se)、智(zhi)能、安全的(de)充電(dian)生態又是(shi)重中之(zhi)重。

工(gong)信(xin)部數據顯示，中(zhong)(zhong)國新能(neng)源汽車(che)產(chan)銷量(liang)(liang)已經連續6年(nian)蟬(chan)聯(lian)世(shi)界第一，現階段中(zhong)(zhong)國擁有全球(qiu)最大的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)用戶(hu)群。根據“新基(ji)建”目標規劃，未來中(zhong)(zhong)國電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)與(yu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁數量(liang)(liang)將(jiang)逐步接近(jin)1:1的(de)(de)(de)層(ceng)級(ji)，在全球(qiu)電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)產(chan)業爭相發(fa)展浪潮中(zhong)(zhong)，中(zhong)(zhong)國仍將(jiang)起到技(ji)(ji)術大國的(de)(de)(de)示范作用，引(yin)領全球(qiu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁產(chan)業革新。因(yin)此，如何安全部署高質量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施，并讓其與(yu)通信(xin)技(ji)(ji)術、云計算、智能(neng)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)、車(che)聯(lian)網(wang)等(deng)技(ji)(ji)術有機融合(he)，實現新能(neng)源智慧交通的(de)(de)(de)平穩升級(ji)、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)施的(de)(de)(de)完善(shan)及信(xin)息技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)應用，是當前(qian)產(chan)業關注(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)焦點。

ABB電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動交(jiao)通解決方案(an)(an)基于安(an)全性(xing)和(he)(he)可靠性(xing)打造，場(chang)(chang)景(jing)化充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方案(an)(an)包括小功率7~22kW充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁、50-180kW多標準(zhun)一體機、7~240kW有序充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)、150~350kW大功率液冷充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)、150~600kW全自動連接充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)等(deng)，可覆蓋從家用(yong)到商用(yong)的(de)各(ge)種應用(yong)場(chang)(chang)景(jing)，例如(ru)住宅小區(qu)、公共建筑停車場(chang)(chang)以及(ji)專(zhuan)用(yong)運營場(chang)(chang)站等(deng)。與(yu)此同(tong)時，為(wei)進一步完(wan)善充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基礎(chu)設施產品組合，ABB已于2020年3月(yue)17日完(wan)成收購上海聯樁新能源科技有限(xian)責(ze)任公司(si)67%的(de)多數股權，加(jia)強了ABB與(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)領先電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車制(zhi)造商的(de)關系，并通過為(wei)本地(di)需求和(he)(he)服務定制(zhi)開發的(de)硬(ying)件和(he)(he)軟(ruan)件，擴大在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動交(jiao)通領域(yu)的(de)業務范圍。

交流充電樁站穩市場，直流快充“藍海”待挖

作為鏈接電(dian)(dian)動汽車出行閉環的重要一節(jie)，截(jie)至2020年底(di)，中國已建成(cheng)公(gong)共(gong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)80.7萬(wan)臺(tai)，私人充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)87.4萬(wan)臺(tai)，其(qi)中交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)占到了(le)所有公(gong)共(gong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的逾6成(cheng)。在交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)領(ling)域，ABB便通過旗下公(gong)司上(shang)海聯樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，為廣汽豐田提(ti)供定制(zhi)式(shi)EVinn TA 7kW交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)壁掛式(shi)定制(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，增(zeng)加了(le)物聯網連(lian)接功能(neng)，擁有智(zhi)能(neng)均衡(heng)負載(zai)管理，包括多種安全保護措施。

另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)面，電(dian)(dian)動汽車的大(da)規模應(ying)用(yong)(yong)，用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)對臨時性(xing)、應(ying)急性(xing)和(he)長(chang)距離出行的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)需求日(ri)益增多，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)難并不(bu)僅局限于充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)基礎設施的數量與分布上，如(ru)何有效提(ti)高(gao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)效率(lv)同樣重要。在(zai)這(zhe)種情況(kuang)下，大(da)功率(lv)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)快充(chong)(chong)技術(shu)優勢凸顯(xian)，ABB已在(zai)全球85個(ge)國(guo)家安(an)裝了20000個(ge)可實現聯(lian)網的直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁。在(zai)國(guo)內，ABB相繼(ji)為山西蒲縣電(dian)(dian)動公(gong)交充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)站、鎮江文化藝術(shu)城市能(neng)源充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)站、東風本田公(gong)司電(dian)(dian)動汽車流(liu)(liu)水(shui)線(xian)檢測提(ti)供Terra系(xi)列直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁，快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)決方(fang)案已成功應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于國(guo)內30多個(ge)城市。

作為充(chong)(chong)電技術領(ling)軍者，ABB的Terra系(xi)列直流充(chong)(chong)電樁具有預充(chong)(chong)電保護、電路實時監測、軟硬件雙重互鎖、遠(yuan)程(cheng)診斷管理等(deng)功(gong)能(neng)，可遠(yuan)程(cheng)啟(qi)停、復位(wei)和升級，解決60%以上故障，正常在線率(lv)達99.5%。在使用層(ceng)面上，Terra可以助(zhu)力提升使用效率(lv)、降低(di)運維成(cheng)本。

近日，ABB也在華正(zheng)式(shi)發布集成了快(kuai)速充電(dian)樁和箱式(shi)變電(dian)站的ABB預裝式(shi)一(yi)體化充電(dian)站，創(chuang)新(xin)地(di)融合ABB 領(ling)先的配電(dian)技術(shu)(shu)和充電(dian)技術(shu)(shu)，占(zhan)用一(yi)個(ge)停車位，一(yi)天之(zhi)內(nei)即(ji)可完成安裝，支(zhi)持客戶更安全、更快(kuai)速的構建電(dian)動(dong)汽車基礎設施(shi)。

展望未來(lai)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)進(jin)入品質和(he)便利性雙(shuang)提(ti)升的(de)(de)新階段，想要走(zou)得更(geng)穩更(geng)好，就(jiu)必須用(yong)(yong)(yong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)規范(fan)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)統一，以支持未來(lai)乘用(yong)(yong)(yong)車(che)更(geng)大的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)功率和(he)更(geng)高的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓安全應用(yong)(yong)(yong)。在全球(qiu)四大充(chong)電(dian)(dian)標(biao)準(zhun)中(zhong)，ABB作(zuo)為CCS和(he)CHAdeMO的(de)(de)起草者，與沃(wo)爾沃(wo)、奧迪、騰(teng)勢等(deng)20余家中(zhong)外知名車(che)企(qi)建立了R&D伙(huo)伴(ban)、全球(qiu)戰略合(he)作(zuo)等(deng)深入合(he)作(zuo)的(de)(de)關系，為住宅、公(gong)共設(she)施、汽車(che)以及(ji)船舶(bo)、鐵路、電(dian)(dian)車(che)和(he)纜車(che)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣化提(ti)供從配電(dian)(dian)到(dao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)解決方案。未來(lai)，ABB將積(ji)極攜(xie)手合(he)作(zuo)伙(huo)伴(ban)，推動技術創新，并(bing)不斷豐(feng)富完善(shan)產品組合(he)，支持中(zhong)國構建面(mian)向未來(lai)的(de)(de)可持續(xu)交通(tong)體系。

能源互聯網新形態下的車樁網多元融合

隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)規模化的(de)快(kuai)速(su)增長，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)隨時(shi)、隨地與隨機的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，容易導致在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)負荷(he)高峰時(shi)段充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)集中，進而給配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統帶(dai)來挑戰(zhan)。目前，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)可以通(tong)過(guo)有(you)序充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和雙向充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)兩種(zhong)方式，實現(xian)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)協同。雙向充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)視作儲(chu)(chu)能設(she)施，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)負荷(he)過(guo)高時(shi)，由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)饋電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)負荷(he)過(guo)低(di)時(shi)，用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)存儲(chu)(chu)過(guo)剩(sheng)的(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量。因此，從能源(yuan)供應端(duan)接入可再(zai)生(sheng)能源(yuan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)搭載車(che)(che)(che)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池實現(xian)移動儲(chu)(chu)能，從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)消耗者變(bian)為分布式能源(yuan)供應者，實現(xian)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)削峰填谷，不僅提升(sheng)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)，也(ye)進一步降低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)成本。

車(che)網(wang)協同(tong)(tong)技(ji)術(shu)(V2G)旨在(zai)(zai)(zai)成(cheng)為該領域的(de)(de)重(zhong)要推手(shou)，并且也(ye)是ABB的(de)(de)專長所在(zai)(zai)(zai)。ABB核心車(che)網(wang)協同(tong)(tong)V2G技(ji)術(shu)能(neng)(neng)夠幫(bang)助電動汽車(che)用戶(hu)將(jiang)(jiang)富余(yu)的(de)(de)電力回饋(kui)到電網(wang)，有(you)助于(yu)平(ping)抑太陽能(neng)(neng)和(he)風能(neng)(neng)等可再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源導(dao)致的(de)(de)電網(wang)波動，構建(jian)樁網(wang)協同(tong)(tong)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)使用模(mo)式(shi)。放(fang)眼全球，ABB已經著手(shou)將(jiang)(jiang)這(zhe)一創新技(ji)術(shu)應用裝(zhuang)機，將(jiang)(jiang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)法國(guo)率先部署(shu)V2G雙向充電站(zhan)，隨后也(ye)將(jiang)(jiang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)英國(guo)、意大利、比利時和(he)德(de)國(guo)部署(shu)V2G類型的(de)(de)充電站(zhan)。

可以看出，新(xin)時(shi)(shi)代下的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁將不再是獨立的(de)(de)樁，而是充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)設施和(he)能源(yuan)物聯網(wang)管理系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)機(ji)融合(he)(he)。如(ru)何在其使用過程(cheng)中保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)設備和(he)車輛(liang)安(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)同時(shi)(shi)，顯著提升用戶及運(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)(ying)方(fang)的(de)(de)便(bian)利性是另一個值得深思的(de)(de)問(wen)題。針對(dui)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業，ABB可以提供適應大功(gong)率(lv)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)給配電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。針對(dui)運(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)，作為(wei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)設施與通信技術有(you)(you)機(ji)結(jie)合(he)(he)的(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)，ABB Ability?充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)服務(wu)(wu)平臺可以對(dui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁實施遠程(cheng)診斷，及時(shi)(shi)發(fa)現故障(zhang)，從而確保(bao)(bao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁的(de)(de)穩定、高(gao)效運(yun)(yun)(yun)行，幫助充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)輕松開(kai)展充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)(ying)業務(wu)(wu)，并且支持國家正積極(ji)推行的(de)(de)有(you)(you)序充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)技術。在大數(shu)據時(shi)(shi)代，ABB Ability?充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)服務(wu)(wu)平臺采(cai)用嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)網(wang)絡數(shu)據安(an)(an)全(quan)管理系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，率(lv)先集成(cheng)TPM安(an)(an)全(quan)芯片的(de)(de)智能硬件，同時(shi)(shi)采(cai)用Security Boot安(an)(an)全(quan)機(ji)制、TLS加密傳輸、DSCA全(quan)方(fang)位模(mo)擬攻擊(ji)測試，確保(bao)(bao)在極(ji)端情(qing)況下不被(bei)黑(hei)客攻擊(ji)和(he)入侵，預防大批充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁被(bei)非法操控。

綠色引領，“充”向未來

隨著全球能源短缺和大氣污染問題日益嚴峻以及社會環保意識不斷增強，汽車產業綠色低碳發展成為降低全社會碳排放量、增強國家競爭力的有效手段，全球主要國家均在積極推動汽車電動化戰略與實踐。作為全球電氣技術創新領導者，ABB致力構建全面低碳的綠色交通出行生態，基于安全可靠的直流、交流充電技術，劃時代的雙向充電V2G技術，與通信技術有機結合的充電管理軟件平臺等方案，可以滿足各種場景電動汽車的充電需求。未來，ABB將積極推動技術創新，提供安全可靠的智能充電解決方案，為綠色出行提供強有力的支持與保障，助力社會全面低碳的可持續發展(zhan)。